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Air Cleaning, Types of Cleaners appliances air filters air cleaners
Air Cleaning, Types of Cleaners In tighter, more energy-efficient buildings,pollutants are not as readily removed by naturalventilation. Filters or electronic air cleaners trap particulates (tiny particles) from the air flowing throughthem and recirculate the cleaned air back to the building interior. In Forced-Air Systems: Cleaners can be installed in central forced-air heating or cooling systems by heating or air conditioning contractors. Standard filters, of disposable fiberglass (commonly used in furnaces) or washable metal mesh cost the least but are the least efficient, trapping only largeparticles.Media filters contain a medium, such as cellulose, activated charcoal, etc. which traps smaller particles andwhich must be replaced at least annually. A medium such ascharcoal will remove odors from the air.Electronic air cleaners are by far the most efficient cleaners of indoor air and the most expensive. They attract and retain pollutants like a powerful magnet.Millions of airborne dust, smoke, and pollen particles arecarried through return air ducts to the electronic air cleaner. When they reach the unit, the larger particles are trapped by a screen prefilter. Smaller particles pass through to the ionizing section where they receive anelectrical charge. These charged particles continue through the cell to the collecting area where they are attracted to a series of grounded plates. The pollutantsare held in this section until washed away during cleaning. Electronic air cleaners are 10 to 20 times more efficient than standard filters.Portable Air Cleaners: These also operate with a filter, standard or media type, or are electronic air cleaners. Some will clean air in only one room; others are large enough to clean air in two or more rooms.An electronic cleaner produces negative ions that are attracted to the pollutants. All units with claims saying that they clean the air electronically may not have anegative-ion generator. Units that have a negative-ion generator may produce some ozone. The units operate in one of two ways. In the first type, negative ions are expelled to room air where the ions attach themselves to pollutants that becomenegatively charged and are attracted to the nearest positive surface. These deposited pollutants must be removed from surfaces in the room. In the second type, airis drawn through a prefilter in the unit that removeslarger particles of pollen and dust and traps some tobacco smoke and odors. The generator in the unitproduces negative ions that attach to small particles ofdust, smoke and other pollutants as the air passes throughthe cleaner. The charged particles are then attracted to apositively charged plate before the air is returned to theroom. A fan is needed to pull air through the charging area and to return the cleaned air to the room. The prefilter and the plate collector must be cleaned periodically by washing, or be replaced.Consumers considering the purchase of an air cleaner/freshener should determine type of air cleaning needed to provide the desired air quality. If odor and larger particle removal would result in satisfactory airquality, the filtering system cleaner may be adequate. If fine particles that may cause allergic reactions mustbe removed an electronic unit may be needed at a higher price. Air Cleaners--Cleaning: For any air filter to work efficiently, it must be cleaned or replaced from time to time. Dirty filters addup to more money for the consumer because they force theheating/cooling system to circulate the air while pulling it through a clogged and dirty filter. This article was written by Anne Field, Extension Specialist, Emeritus, with references from Colorado Extension newsletter, Service in Action, the AirConditioning and Refrigeration Institute, and the AmericanHousehold Appliance Manufacturers.This information is for educational purposes only. References to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned. This information becomes public property upon publication and may be printed verbatim with credit to MSU Extension. This file was generated from data base 02 on 06/24/03. Data base 02 was last revised on 12/04/98. Michigan State University ExtensionHome Maintenance and Repair - 01500032 12/04/98
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